Pressure-fluid motor



Nov. 1 l, 1930.

E. H. sHAFF PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR 2 'sheets-sheet 1 Filed Feb. 16, 1925:'Nv.- 11, 1930. E'. H. sHAl-F PRES SURE FLUID MOTOR Filed Fb. .M5l 19252 sheetssheet 2 f., l Olbia...

T7-@UGM J ii iff,

Patented New. 11, 1930 PRESSURE-FLUID `Iv'IOllOIR,

Application filed February This invention relates to pressure fluidmotors and particularlytomotors ofthe type ydisclosed in my copendingapplication Serial No. 7.413.205, filing# dateOctober 13, .19.24. @1nsaidapplicationlhave described and Villustrated. a handheld motordevicein which a..rotary tool'is operated by a'compressed air motorcomprising a` circumferentially .arranged group of pistonsand-cylindersactio ing upon a seriesof 'combined'bell cranks whichoperate to impart a .gyratory motion to a pin or arminoving in 'aconicalpath. The Vgyratory:motion servesto produce the ldesiredvrotation of the tool and likewise l5 to operate a rotating valve memberwhich controls the admissionandlthe exhaust to the cylinders. t

lt is an objectv of this inventionto'provide Aan advantageousconstruction for'the rotat- Anotherf object of l the invention: is tofprol vide an improved ldriving relation between the valve'memberand therotating. structure. IStill another object isftoprovidefanadvantageousconstruction for the gyrating portion and for themeansby'which gyrationis converted into rotation.

Still other `and ancillary objectsfandadvantages of the improvedstructure rwill'be apparentfrom the ensuing` descriptionv of the deviceillustrated in the accompanying drawings,'in which V- .Figure 1represents1a.longitudinal.cross section of thelclevice as a whole.

Fig. 9. is aV vertical cross section ofithe device along the line 2-'2of Fig..f1 showing the arrangement of thecylinder'sland ofthe end ot thevalve member.

Fig. 3 is a detailed cross section of .the valve member on the line6-6ofFigil.

Fig. 4 is adetailed `enlarged view ofthe connection between the drivingvshaft and the valve membeig thee-ross sectionheing shown in ahorizontal plane-of t-he device as shown inFig. 1.

' Fig. 5 is a `perspective View of the drivmentary to f that f shown, in:'Fig. 8.

showing thebellfcrank plate; in elevation :at

=10 designates thesanniilarfxcasing offnportor` mainV section of ;thecasing @is a' plurality automatically operating .valve :'mechanism,

1e, :1925. seri-arno. 9,1392.

ing yoke connectingthefdriveshaftzandithe ,i

`valve member. 1

Fig. 6 isfa viewrofzthe :rear portion 4of the device .taken on the line6-:'-6. ofFig. 11.

Fig. 7 is anend view of one oflthesplates Kconstitutingthe bell crank.

Fig. t8 .is arface'view of .theplatesshownein Fig.'9 is `a. facej-viewofa lplate compley R Fig. 10 is across sectionofthe'plate of 9 on thelinel1010lthereofy Fig. 11 is across section othe devieetakesubstantially onirthe .line 11-11'of Eig..1

an; angleztozthe lvertical.:

` y Gener-tl description l .Referring first'ito Fig. i1v of thedrawings,

able grinder comprising 'a'in'ainy er rrear1section '11and a`frontsection 12. llh'e rearsection'is closed by means o'f aiplate '113with which i i-s rigid .9a handle. 174. vWlithi n the rrear of `motor.units `arranged 'in 1 circular `series, each comprisingwa cylinder 15randwajpiston -r16. The `flow of :fluid fpressuretto vand .from theseyseveral 1 motor! units isf-controlled;byran crank'arm'QQ rigid With atool spindle 23 which 'is` journaledin the lforward section 12 ofthecasing. Thegplate 20 is secured rigidly tothe crank -arm21 .forminga-structure which is lpr'ovided vwithfapivetal relationshipito the`crai'ik-arm :'22 produeingin eiiect a shiting-fulcrum foreach.f.bell\.-crank continuously moving with the crank arm 21 pointedout, the lrotary construction includes common to each ofthe bell cranks.

over the. device jv disclosed inthe above mentionedapplication relate tothe rotary constructionVV within *theVV casing 10. As] above the valve17, bell crankplate 20, the common struction.

' bellcrank larm 217 andthe spindle 23fwith its crankarmV 22 inrotaryrelationl to thebell crank arm 21. f l 1 e Ther valve 17 isoperated by therotary con,-`

part housesthezvalve mechf ing is'afrearwardly extending tubular'poranism 17 and providing afsupport-towhich.

tion 27 constituting a hub for the valve mechthe handle 14Mmaybe.Asecured, the handle Vbeing in 'this instance shown as formedintegrallyywith the portion 27 Y. n n

The valve mechanism 1.7 which Ibyprefen Vence employ, comprises'r avstationary casing 28 having a series of'circumferentially ar` rangedslots formingp'orts 29`which communicate with passages 39 formed inenlarge-V ments 40l integral with the plate l/(Figs. 1

and 6). VThe" passages- 39 are inclined for wardly and outwardly andattheir forwardend-s open intovthe rear endsy of the cylinders 15.` Vithinthe valve casing28 isa'rotary valve member 41 having at its rear end anyforwardlyand terminate in atransverse slot y 44 formed inthe periphery,of the valve member, said slot being positioned approximately' Ycentrally thereof' so as to register successively with the ports 29./rllhef-valvemember also has a Acentral bore 45 ropening at its for vvward end into a transverse slotv 46 located r4diametrically.opposite theslot 44 and also Y Yadapted to register successively" with .the 5U ports29. .The annular groove 42 (Fig..1)

communicates atlall times with apassage 47 in the handle to which motiveHuid is sup- Vplied under the control of a manually oper way of theholes orducts 43 and the transverse slbt 44.A 0n* the other hand, theboreV 45 communicatesat its rear Vend with an exi haust passage. 48extending radially out- Vwardly into an exhaust chamber 49 which isopened to the atmosphere so that as theslot 46 registers successivelywith the ports. 29,

communication is established between the c vlinders and th-e atmosphere.

The main or rear s'ection'llV of" the tool casing is annular fiir formand in` the present instance is cast to form integral therewith acylinder block 24whicli'is bored n to receivel sleeves formingacircularseries -of cylinders 15. vThe annular opening of thel` kBearing in the`annular opening of the cyl# i l inder block 24 through the medium of aball 'In the present inventionthe vimprovements Y bearing` 51 is anrotaryshaft 50. The shaft is screw threaded near the lend as shown at'52 in Figs. 1 and 4 and carries av pair of 'nuts 53 and 54 which hold'.the bearing-51 valvemember 41 is axially bored, forming Y a hole 58intowhich thefend 56 of'shaft 50 loosely'projects leavingan annularspace 59. Theannular end of the valve member 41 is' diametricallyslottedv at 60, the 'slot being [of the same width as the slot 57 intheend o-fvshaft 50. A yokevlying in the slots' of both members provides adriving-connection between the valve member 41 by the shaft 50. fTheyoke (Fig. v5) is flat and substantially' U-shaped having the' base61`r lying in the 'slot 57, the sides 62 lying in the annular space V59and having outwardlyprojecting ears 63 which'lie in thefslot 60 in thevalve member. 'A secondpair of slots l64 is provided `in the valvemember 41 similar tothe slots `60 and angular thereto to permit registryin a diff' ferentaxial relation of the :shaft 50 withthel` valve member41 for Vreversing the ofrotation of the tool.

In the present rinstance thespindleg.=23 and the' shaft 50 are axiallyalined and rrigid in Y direction structure. .'lVithin thefrontportionf12 of Y Y* the casing 'the integral` structure contains anoiiset sectionhereinabove referred toas section ofthe shafting 50-23whichiis made the angular section or crank arm'22 describes` a-cone inkthee-rotation of the spindle 28. The' spindle .23 is housed inl a"tubular .extension y12@ 4ofthe casing' 12 and'v turns in'roller bearings65 vanrd'66. i The end 67y ofV spindle 23 is rigidly associated with acollar 68 which is substantially'an extendedfportion of ithe shaft 50.vThe collarf68bears! directly in the bearing 66. Collar 68 is providedwith ank annular shoulder 69 whichV abuts the inner frace of the bearing66. The material of collar 68 provides an irregular shaped strengthen-V' thecrankfjarm 22.. By construction .itVK is a.y

. angular to .the shaft 50 in such a manner :that i annular groove42`from which a plurality of port holes 48 (Figs. 1 yand 3)v whichextend' ingfiiange in which the bearing shoulder 69 is formed. .In 1 theflange atthe bot- .tom is shown of considerable thickness and.

of considerable-radial extent being indicated f at 7 0.V Such aconstruction provides a mass of material which is arranged' tocounterbalance the weight ofthe voifsetsection of the shaft, therebyreducing any tendency toward vibration of the device during rotation; YThe upper partfof the liange is thinner and narl rower in radial vextentand merges into a Hangs 71 at the end of the angular portion or crankarm 22. f Y

Crank arm 22 serves as a pivot for a surrounding sleeve 72 whichcontributes to the izo,

iformation of the crairkarnilhereinabove referred to as common i'to theseries of sbell icran'llrs, Whose :etherYa-rins yare embodied in'craiilripl'ate'. 'Fli'efsleeve-721er arranged! to be rigidly associatedwith akbcvel gear 73 wvhich 2in the "present 'iinstance is la ylseparatefstruc'ture freni th'eisleeve. Therigid struc- Fture ineludingrsfl'eevei72fandigear73 has ball hearing-engagement :with 4 the crank #arm 22. rt`one iendthel'lange'ql iis formed Iinto a ball racewhileithe'e'nclf ofithe sleeve is cupped fat'flt Ito forni the other race fori'the balls??5. 'The rear end iportion'of fthe fer-ank farm 22 lias an fenlargedsection for ange' 7 '6 which iis shaped fto fforinia ball race`l'acingthe'ball y'race ofliange'l. Thefgear 373 hiasria'lball iriacecoinplenjientaryto that offlange ".76 4i'or the b-allsl?. SleeveQ ise-Xternally threaded and is arranged to be screwed into a threadedSopeninfg inlfgeiar'i' forrigidly-eonnecting the 'two ltogether'. A 4nut78 also threaded fon vthevsleevefserves to -lock'the sleeve I'Qandfgearz'itogether. :'It Willbe observed 'that p Vthe fpresent'arrangement fof i the ball races requires fthat ithe -s'leeve 7 2 :bescrewed Vinto the .fgear '17B to fcontract the length fo'f thegear=sleeve fori )crank farm' 21 fforthe purpose foffassemblingith'eballsiin-'their races. fl-lence, 1inl the .ri gid 'constrn'etiondisclosed 1 in fFig. l thereiisfafspace 'QFbetWeen'thefend dsleeve 72and theinner-partei?!thegear.

Infaccordance Withlthe principle ofz opera- ALI above mentionedapplication, ftli'e plate'() fniust finerely `Wabble 'about therein'lasthe crank aiins 2l 'and'22gyrate- Als inthef vice of.theraforeinenticnedapplication the plate 20 isfixed against the nndesirablefrotta- 'tionbya geared relationship ivthtlie cars iig fforinin'g 1 in effect auniversal: connection therewith. This :is laccomplished by 'iixingIplateLQO't-o gear'srfandmeshing gear'73 into afcorrespondingfbevel 1gearSO 'fixed -into lthe casing. :The gear 80 is providedwvith a sleeveportion 8l `whichsurrounds shaft 160. Gear Y `SO'is fixed: andnonlrotatableinthe easing by .any suitable'niethod as by. the cllntclit'eet-lTSln `(Figs. l and lll).

'f ings between the cranlr arrn'landl'theuvabbling unit as.l above `setortliis o'priinary importance. Thus, these bearingsserve not only tomount the-Wabbler unit solas toperniit relativerotation zbetween itandtheciank arin l: AWith aininimuinoffrictional resistance,`but

they serve to maintain` aproper operativei'elation between' the gears573 and f 8'0, holding lthe vgear-73 in such position asto `'prevent acomplete intermeshing with thegear-BO and 'thus preventinga grindingaction ybetween nnrstnot rotate-WithE respect to the casing,E but p iIn'the application of my' inventiont'o `lportl The plate 2() is made rigidwith the erfanli arm 2l by providing fit)` Withfa lfiange 82 clampedbetvveenfthefgear fand itslloclrnut .578. 'The ormfoflplateQO is'illustratediin lfFigs. ,9fandl0. iFlange SQFis made onaalfti'i'b'ular:portion? k8 3' struck fromf'the. plate @Odor-um of the fpl-ate 'has ahernspliercal depressioni Se for a 'ball 85 *carried Eby f each {pistonirod i119. A -plfate8`6 (Fig. 8) fconivple'rnentary tto plate 20 Aisprovided 'Ito rconiple'tethe lbell fc'rankfplatestructure. Plate-*S isprovided Witlicirciilar lioles 8T ati each coriier=1and lis providedyvvitlr spherically curved i"'f11anges 588 iabout eaeh hole. The cornersof the `plate arefs'lotted at'89 informing van entry 'intofthe lioles 87through 'which lthe fpist'on irods 'Q9 i may be inserted. vThe edgesoftheplatefare uptuined at 90-to receivetlieslightlylsnraller `gplate20. A* centralfopeninglin-plate SGv'is fornied to 4perinit engagement'off'the 'bevel gear-S73 land() therethroughp lIn Figfll :mountedrelation; as by'i'neans of2 the nuts' 9l 'threaded on vvthe Y bltsl 92vvhich pass "through fboth` plates. The piston rods rare"sho'vsn in#cross section -and the balls "'85 are shovvn 1 in elevation. p 1 5 j ll loprovide lanf exit' `'fori-pres'surelfluidleakfing into''tlief casingAand itc v cool'fthe rotating 'parts 1an eX'pitv-i's fn'i'ad'ethrough"ther-rotating vstructure from fthe "front 1' tof the rejar o'l"the device. "This isia'ccoinplshed by iproviding vafcontii'inouscommunicating 'passage f therethrough c'omprisin the` openings/93 invfcrank rm 22,' 94? through yshaft'() 'to'A theenfd' thiere- I konthefannularspace39-in-1 the valvemeinber-j "thefeXtr-a pair= ofy slots fB inl the valve finember, an annular` space 395` surrounding the flock'nutsfandf54,fand" a passage through :the cylinderi block 24 and thev'back pl-atefl.

By the above construction it .fis pos-sible to malrevth'e ballf bearingsbetween Ethe two eranlrfarnisQl *and'22 cit-avery small ldiameter.4Thislis desirable becausefthef'devi'ce Ioperates high-sp eed gan d3 inbearings of large l'diameter 'the peripheral speed of ftheballsivvould-be so great as toucaus'e excessive 'ave-ar. f

In additionfr the constructionr provides-a-snrall- Ver nuinber'ofpartsivhi'ch Zare capable of be ing "economically manufactured andlwhich -ar'e of suclia character thatthey inaybe' read- A=`ilyfassembled into the device and replaced j 'Whensuliiciently Worn.4*Suchfa-strueturefen ablesftlie manufacturer to; producejaneliicientdeviceeconornically and f' to vprovide i the user "with a device whichwill at all times 'i beca- -pableo eiicienti operation'- by the`-siniple`re llU hpaving'a gyrating series of bellcranks, a shaft[having its two ends alinedandhaving an iny termediateintegral sectionoffsetv at an angle Ythereto with its axis adapted to describe a coneynewalof .partswhen they are worn.` The character of ,the partsy permitssuch renewal at asmall expense which isa desirable. feaf ture to thepurchaser and user of suchY a device. fr y I claim as my invention: 1 fY V1L In a device of the characterv described Y in therotation oftheshaft, asleeve pivoted aboutl said section, saidsleeve constituting Vanarm common to 'eachiof thebell `cranks of the series, andballs bearingin races formed Vdirectly in said shaft section and in said sleeve,saidsleevebeing adjustable to permit insertion and removal lof -saidballs. 2. In ardevice of the character described having a gyratingseries lof bellfcranks, ja

shaft having its two ends alined and having v2in-intermediate sectionosetat an angleV .thereto with its axis `adaptedto describe a 1 coneinthe rotationfof the shaft, a sleeve-like 25 i f constituting an armlcommon to each of the structure about said section, said structure`jbell cranks of the;series,flanges onl said section formingseparatedrball races facing each other, and means forming, separatedraces in' said sleeve structure, complementary to Y said otherraces,`balls :for the twosets 'ofl complementary races, one enduof the'sleevestructure g having screw threaded relation with the other l (endJtoeffect contraction of the sleeve for assembling the device.

A- 3. In a devicel ofthe characterg described having agyrating arm .andalined end por- V tions integral therewithand rotating about an e axis,anonrotating sleeve on said arm, a pair of bearings interposedbetweengsaid sleeveV and said arm and eachcoinprising. aY seriesofrolling elements, andgmeansproviding' relative movement betweenvbearing parts on` said sleeverandy arm to ypermit insertion and`removal of. said elements while said sleeve vis mounted on said arm. Y.

' 4; In a device of the characterY described having a gyrating armandalined end portions integral therewith and rotatingY about an axis, anonrotating-sleeve on said arm, and a pair of bearings v,interposedbetween said sleevevand said'k arin and eachfincliiding a Y seriesofrrclling elements, said sleeve andsaid arm having a variable .relationtherebetween while in assembled relation to permit inser-Y tionandremoval of said elements.

5L; In a device of the character described.

'y having a'gyratingjseries ofbell cranks, in

combination, a shaft, a crank arm rigidwith saidshaft at an anglethereto wherebythe axis of said arm describes a cone in therota- Y iytion ofthe shaft, a sleeve-like structure about said section forming anarm' common to each of the. belly cranks of the series, one end of saidlysleeve l structure being screw-threaded f the'bell crankslto-rotategtheshaft;

relatively with the other end to 'effect-longi-` tudinal adjustment4ofthe, sleeve.L i' f' 6, In a deviceof the character described l, di'

having a gyratingrseries of bell Crankgfjn combinatiomfa shaft, aA crankarm rigid with saidA shaft 'at anangle thereto `whereby the axis of saidarmdescribeSla cone invthero'tajforf the two. setsof the complementaryraces, one end of the sleeve'structure Vbeing screw threaded relativelywith'the other end to eli- Av feet. contraction of the sleeve toassemble'the device.` i Y f *v 7 In va device of the'characterdescribed, having, in combination, a casing,r aV driven lshaftwithV an angularV portion therein, a series of bell cranks havingonearmin comrmon, said common arm being sleeve-like'in formandbeiiigrelatively rotatable on said angular POTIOD, a bevelgear-screwedv onto 4said sleeve and` being concentric therewith,

means to-locksaid gear fixedY to said sleeve, ase'condi'bevel gear fixedin said' casing'con-l centric with said shaft, and means to operate r8.In' a device VofV the vcharacter described having a casing, afdrivenshaft within the casing, havingan angular sectiontherein, a

series-of bell cranks'comprising, in combina! tion, a sleeve'rotatableon; said angular shaft section, a bevel gear' threaded onto said sleeve,

a plate having a dished portion anda flange said plate between the nutand the gear, bevel lgear fixed to said casing'concentric with saidshaft, said sleeve being-one armin commonforthebell cranks,and'said-plate einbodying the other arms, and means to operate Y thebell cranks to rotate the shaft, j f

9. In aV deviceofthe character described having a gyratingarmrotatingupon an axis, a gyrating Vnonfrotating sleeve on said arin,two ball bearings betweenjsaid sleeve and said f arm, Veachbearinghaving/one racethereof formed in, said sleeve and the ,other racevariable in ,length toeffect mounting of thev sleeve on the arm.

l0.V In a device of the character described rhaving a gyrating armVrotating upon an axis,

portion fitting oversaidbevel gear, alock nut on said sleeve adapted toclamp ythe flange on l-lO V formed in said arm, oneof saidinembers beingY" Y a gyrating non-rotating sleeve on'saidarm,

two ball bearings betweensaid sleeve and said arm,the armhaving twoballvraces lfacing each other, said sleeve having two ball races facingaway from eachother, and said sleeve;

having aA contractile construction wherebyl the races of the sleeve maybe moved toward each other lfor mounting the sleeve on the arm.

ISU

l1. In aI device of the class described, in combination, a shaft havinga main section and a section angular to the main section, and a pair ofintermeshing bevel gea-rs, each gear being annular in form, one gearbeing iiXed concentrically with the main section of the shaft and theother gear bearing upon the angular section and providing a bearing ballrace on the inner side.

l2. A pressure fluid actuated tool comprisinga casing, a plurality ofmotor units arranged in circular series in the casing, a shaft having aninclined part disposed on one side oi its axis,` a pressuremembermounted in the casing between said part and said motor units andadapted for wobbling movement in the operation of said units, saidpressure member including an outer annular ring with one side of whichsaid motor units are operatively connected, an inner ring fitting intosaid outer ring from the other side of the latter, and hearing meansincluding a thrust bearing interposed between said inner ring and saidinclined part of the shaft.

13. In a device of the character described, the combination of an armrotating upon a fixed axis, a wobbling non-rotating platestructuremounted on said arm, said structure including a gear elementv rigidtherewith, a

\ stationary gear element angularly disposed with respect to the planeof said plate structure and coacting with the gear element on said platestructure to prevent rotation of said plate structure during thegyratingy movements thereof, and a thrust. bearing interposed betweensaid arm and said plate structure and lyin substantially within theplane of said plate structurefto prevent a complete meshing of the gearelements.

in testimony whereof, I have hereunto aii'ixed my signature.

ERNEST H. SHAFF.

